
I get a big thrill from making my work as accurate as I can make it. This means I check my work and then check it again (and again, and again, if necessary). I lost count of how many times I’ve gone over this blog post. One endeavor where this thirst for accuracy is an absolute necessity is braille transcribing. A braille transcriber ensures that a braille book matches the print version as closely as possible so that braille readers can keep up with their print-reading peers. I am currently working toward becoming a certified braille transcriber, and I want to give you a little taste of what I’m learning. The biggest lesson I’ve learned about braille is that small details matter very much.
Braille is a reading and writing system in which embossed dots can be read with the fingertips (although sighted people usually read it with their eyes). Braille characters are formed within units of space called cells. A full braille cell consists of six embossed dots arranged in two parallel columns of three dots each, like this:
Notice that the dots are numbered down each column. Each letter of the alphabet is a different combination of dots. The letter a is dot 1, b is dots 1 and 2, c is dots 1 and 4, etc. Braille in its most basic form is done letter by letter, plus punctuation and indicator symbols. However, there are only 25 lines on each braille page, and typically 40 cells per line. With these constraints, braille books always end up being much longer and bulkier than print books. So, to save space and to make reading easier, contractions were developed. Braille contractions can represent whole words, groups of letters, or both, and they occupy either one or two braille cells. The same braille character can be used in multiple braille contractions, so you need to look at what surrounds it to know what it means in a particular instance. Braille started to feel magical for me when I started learning the contractions. I’ll show you some examples of how changing one small thing can change what a character means in braille.
Take a look at the picture above. The braille character for the lowercase letter k is dots 1 and 3. If you put dot 6 in the preceding cell, it becomes an uppercase k. If an uppercase or lowercase k is by itself, it represents the whole word “knowledge.” If there’s a dot 5 immediately before it, it represents the letters “know” (which can be used for a whole word or part of a word). And, finally, if you have a letter k by itself and you don’t want it to be read as the word “knowledge,” you need to put dots 5 and 6 in the cell before it. (Side note: I love that the first letter of my first name stands for “knowledge” in braille).
The letter w has a couple more possibilities than the letter k. Check this out:
Standing alone, the letter w is the whole word “will.” With dots 4 and 5 preceding it, it is the letters “word.” With dots 4, 5, and 6 before it, it becomes “world,” and with dot 5 it becomes “work.” If I forget part of a contraction or use the wrong contraction when I’m transcribing, the text will be misread and make less sense. It would be unusual for someone to say they’re on top of the word, but there are definitely times when we feel like we’re on top of the world. See how small details truly make a difference?
There are 64 possible combinations of the six dots in a braille cell (63 different braille characters, plus the space with no dots present). You’ve already seen how the meaning of a braille character can change based on what’s in front of it, but in some cases the meaning changes based on the placement of the character. For example, dot 2 is the comma, but if dot 2 appears in the middle of a word, it is the letters “ea.” Similarly, dots 2 and 3 is the semicolon, but if it is standing alone and not next to any punctuation, it is the whole word “be,” and it can also be the letters “be” if those letters are the first syllable of a word, as in “believe,” or the letters “bb” if it appears in the middle of a word. Because many braille characters have multiple uses, it is essential to understand the context of what you are transcribing and proofread your work very carefully to see if you have brailled things correctly. Brailling things incorrectly can result in misspellings and general confusion for the reader.
Another fun thing I’ve discovered about braille is that it is perfectly acceptable to skip letters when brailling certain words. For example, “gd” is “good,” “qk” is “quick,” “sd” is “said,” and “brl” is “braille.” There are rules about which words can be shortened, how to shorten them, and when to not shorten them. Like the contractions, the shortforms are a space-saving measure. It turns out that word-shortening goes back much further in history than instant messaging. It’s fun for me to see how many letters I get to skip within each word I braille, and it’s slightly disappointing when it’s not possible to shorten a word via contractions and/or shortforms. Now I can’t imagine going back to brailling anything letter by letter.
I hope you’ve enjoyed this glimpse into the fascinating world of braille. I have much more to learn, including various formatting rules. Not only do the words on the page need to be accurate, but the formatting does too. From what I have shared here, I hope you can see why paying attention to the tiniest of details is so important in braille transcription. If the contractions and shortforms are applied incorrectly, people will be reading either the wrong words or misspelled words, much to their annoyance and confusion. The numerous and specific rules to follow in braille transcription are in place to prevent confusion for the braille reader. Accuracy is so important that if I submit an assignment with five or more errors, I am required to correct them and re-submit the assignment before I can move on in the course. My instructor has told me that “the course requires accuracy and neatness in preference to speed.” I love books and I want everyone to have the opportunity to enjoy them. It’s much harder to enjoy a book that is filled with mistakes. Paying attention to details is always a nice thing to do, but for braille transcribers, it is an absolute necessity.
I recently bought a new CD by Calee Reed called Believer. Mom and I saw and heard Calee perform several songs from the CD live at Time Out for Women this year. The songs are about having faith in yourself and faith in God and, with that faith, reaching for your fullest potential. In this post, I’ll share three of my favorite songs from the CD and why they touch my heart.
Honesty and kindness are two qualities that most people agree are worth having. It saddens me that so much of what we hear about on the news is a result of dishonesty or other forms of meanness. But, even though the examples of dishonesty and meanness in our world may seem louder or more obvious, examples of honesty and kindness can be quietly powerful. In seeking to improve our own honesty and kindness, I think it is helpful to think about how other people process the world. How different could our world be if more of our natural instinct was toward honesty and kindness? Well, in this post you’ll get a glimpse of some possibilities through the eyes of a fictional TV character, Dr. Shaun Murphy from ABC’s new TV show The Good Doctor. He is a surgical resident at a hospital who is autistic and also has savant syndrome. Check out the amazing trailer:
Figure skater Patrick Chan won his ninth Canadian National Title this season. He was asked afterward, yet again, what motivated him to come back to competition after taking a season off following the 2014 Olympics. His answer this time was both intriguing and inspiring. He said, “For me now I think it’s being able to conquer my own kind of fears. Competing is a beast of its own. I, personally, for a long time did not enjoy competing. Yeah, it’s nerve-wracking, so I want to be able to conquer that. I want to end my career knowing that I’m in full control of my body physically, mentally, in every event, so that I can give myself the best chance for the best performance.” In this post, I’m going to share three programs that Patrick has skated since coming back to competition. I am so grateful that Patrick did not let his fear of competing win out, because if he had not made a comeback, these three programs would never have happened. I’ve been a huge fan of Patrick’s skating for nine seasons (ten if you count his season away from competition, when he still skated in shows), and I love all his competitive programs except for one, but these three have an extra special place in my heart. I’ll share them in the order they happened.
Several years ago, I started making very simple homemade cards on my own for certain occasions. I got tired of having to ask my mom to bring me a card from her stash to write in. Plus, by making them myself, it could be a complete surprise to my parents, who were usually the recipients. I could get a piece of paper from the printer tray on my own, as well as the colored pencils and a regular pencil. So what I did, and still do, is fold a piece of printer paper in half and use colored pencils and a regular pencil to design it and write in it. A pencil is easier for me to control than a pen, crayon, or marker. Making a card is not easy for me. In this post, I’ll share why it’s difficult (and also why it’s worth it).


A friend once told me, “We all are in ‘wheelchairs’ of one sort or another. Everyone has struggles and weaknesses that can hold them back in life.” It was her way of letting me know that I’m not the only one struggling with challenges and that although some of my challenges are different and more obvious, everyone has them. The visual image of everyone having some wheelchairs in their lives has stayed with me. However, thinking of wheelchairs only as things that hold us back is somewhat negative. I will admit that on several occasions, I have been annoyed that my actual wheelchair has held me back. So, I was intrigued and deeply moved when I read an entirely different take on wheelchairs in our lives.
It’s a new year! I am grateful for the chance to start fresh in 2016. I know that you can start fresh in small ways anytime, but as the new year began, I was reminded that I needed to change my outlook in order to move forward in ways that I need to this year. I know this may surprise you. My blog is called “Looking for the Rainbows,” after all. And I do seek out and enjoy positivity, but in certain areas of my life I have let my fears figuratively paralyze me. So, this year I will be working on being more courageous. Let me share a couple things that helped reignite this desire in me. I hope that they will be helpful to my readers as well.
recharge and explore other activities, such as snowboarding, surfing, and skydiving. He toured with Stars on Ice and skated in various other shows, but he missed the training environment and the environment at competitions with his friends, so he decided to make a comeback. When it came down to business at Skate Canada, it was very stressful and uncomfortable for him. Emotionally, he felt uneasy during the 6-minute warmup for the long program and got off the ice knowing he had four programs to wait through before it was his turn to skate. In his own words, here is what Patrick went through between the 6-minute warmup and the moment he stepped back onto the ice to do his long program: